相信對于很多優(yōu)秀的教師來說，寫教案并不是一件陌生的事情，教案在完成的過程中，教師務必要考慮文字表述規(guī)范，以下是范文社小編精心為您推薦的初一教案5篇，供大家參考。
初一教案篇1
一：教材分析：
1：教材所處的地位和作用：
本課是在接一元一次方程的基礎上，講述一元一次方程的應用，讓學生通過審題，根據(jù)應用題的實際意義，找出相等關系，列出有關一元一次方程，是本節(jié)的重點和難點，同時也是本章節(jié)的重難點。本課講述一元一次方程的應用題，為學生初中階段學好必備的代數(shù)，幾何的基礎知識與基本技能，解決實際問題起到啟蒙作用，以及對其他學科的學習的應用。在提高學生的能力，培養(yǎng)他們對數(shù)學的興趣
以及對他們進行思想教育方面有獨特的意義，同時，對后續(xù)教學內(nèi)容起到奠基作用。
2：教育教學目標：
（1）知識目標：
（a）通過教學使學生了解應用題的一個重要步驟是根據(jù)題意找出相等關系，然后列出方程，關鍵在于分析已知未知量之間關系及尋找相等關系。
（b）通過和；差；倍；分的量與量之間的分析以及公式中有一個字母表示未知數(shù)，其余字母表示已知數(shù)的情況下，列出一元一次方程解簡單的應用題。
（2）能力目標：通過教學初步培養(yǎng)學生分析問題，解決實際問題，綜合歸納整理的能力，以及理論聯(lián)系實際的能力。
（3）思想目標：
通過對一元一次方程應用題的教學，讓學生初步認識體會到代數(shù)方法的優(yōu)越性，同時滲透把未知轉化為已知的辯證思想，介紹我國古代數(shù)學家對一元一次方程的研究成果，激發(fā)學生熱愛中國共產(chǎn)黨，熱愛社會主義，決心為實現(xiàn)社會主義四個現(xiàn)代化而學好數(shù)學的思想；同時，通過理論聯(lián)系實際的方式，通過知識的應用，培養(yǎng)學生唯物主義的思想觀點。
3：重點，難點以及確定的依據(jù)：
根據(jù)題意尋找和；差；倍；分問題的相等關系是本課的重點，根據(jù)題意列出一元一次方程是本課的難點，其理論依據(jù)是關鍵讓學生找出相等關系克服列出一元一次方程解應用題這一難點，但由于學生年齡小，解決實際問題能力弱，對理論聯(lián)系實際的問題的理解難度大。
二：學情分析：（說學法）
1：學生初學列方程解應用題時，往往弄不清解題步驟，不設未知數(shù)就直接進行列方程或在設未知數(shù)時，有單位卻忘記寫單位等。
2：學生在列方程解應用題時，可能存在三個方面的困難：
（1）抓不準相等關系；
（2）找出相等關系后不會列方程；
（3）習慣于用小學算術解法，得用代數(shù)方法分析應用題不適應，不知道要抓怎樣的相等關系。
3：學生在列方程解應用題時可能還會存在分析問題時思路不同，列出方程也可能不同，這樣一來部分學生可能認為存在錯誤，實際不是，作為教師應鼓勵學生開拓思路，只要思路正確，所列方程合理，都是正確的，讓學生選擇合理的思路，使得方程盡可能簡單明了。
4：學生在學習中可能習慣于用算術方法分析已知數(shù)與未知數(shù)，未知數(shù)與已知數(shù)之間的關系，對于較為復雜的應用題無法找出等量關系，隨便行事，亂列式子。
5：學生在學習過程中可能不重視分析等量關系，而習慣于套題型，找解題模式。
三：教學策略：（說教法）
如何突出重點，突破難點，從而實現(xiàn)教學目標。我在教學過程中擬計劃進行如下操作：
1：“讀（看）——議——講”結合法
2：圖表分析法
3：教學過程中堅持啟發(fā)式教學的原則
教學的理論依據(jù)是：
1：必須先明確根據(jù)應用題題意列方程是重點，同時也是難點的觀點，在教學過程中幫助學生抓住關鍵，克服難點，正確列方程弄清楚題意，找出能夠表示應用題全部含義的一個相等關系，并列出代數(shù)式表示這相等關系的左邊和右邊。為此，在教學過程中要讓學生明確知曉解題步驟，通過例1可以讓學生大致了解列出一元一次方程解應用題的方法。
2：在教學過程中要求學生仔細審題，認真閱讀例題的內(nèi)容提要，弄清題意，找出能夠表示應用題全部含義的一個相等關系，分析的過程可以讓學生只寫在草稿上，在寫解的過程中，要求學生先設未知數(shù)，再根據(jù)相等關系列出需要的代數(shù)式，再把相等關系表示成方程形式，然后解這個方程，并寫出答案，在設未知數(shù)時，如有單位，必須讓學生寫在字母后，如例1中，不能把“設原來有x千克面粉”寫成“設原來有x”。另外，在列方程中，各代數(shù)式的單位應該是相同的，如例1中，代數(shù)式“x 字串7 ”“—15%x”“42500”的單位都是千克。在本例教學中，關鍵在于找出這個相等關系，將其中涉及待求的某個數(shù)設為未知數(shù)，其余的數(shù)用已知數(shù)或含有已知數(shù)與未知數(shù)的代數(shù)式表示，從而列出方程。在例1中的相等關系比較簡單明顯，可通過啟發(fā)式讓學生自己找出來。在例1教學中同時讓學生鞏固解一元一次方程應用題的五個步驟，特別是第2步是關鍵步驟。
3：針對學生在列方程解應用題中可能存在的三個方面的困難，在教學過程中有意識加以解決，特別是學生抓不準相等關系這方面，可以讓學生通過表格，圖表等形式幫助學生找出相等關系表示成方程。如例1在分析過程中通過表格讓學生明了清楚直觀解決列方程的難點。
4：通過圖表對比使學生更直觀，理解更深刻，同時，降低了理論教學的難度和分量，提高課堂教學效益（教學手段）。
5：在課后習題的安排上適當讓學生通過模仿例題的思想方法，加深學生解應用題的能力，這主要由于學生剛剛入門，多進行模仿，習慣以后，再做與例題不一樣的習題，可以提高運用知識能力，同時讓學生進行一題多解，找出共同點，區(qū)別或最佳列法，以開闊學生的思路。
四：教學程序：
（一）：課堂結構：復習提問，導入講授新課，課堂練習，鞏固新課，布置作業(yè)五個部分。
（二）：教學簡要過程：
1：復習提問：
（1）：什么叫做等式？
（2）：等式與方程之間有哪些關系？
（3）：求x的15%的代數(shù)式。
（4）：敘述代數(shù)式與方程的區(qū)別。
（理由是：通過復習加深學生對等式，方程，代數(shù)式之間關系的理解，有利于學生熟練正確根據(jù)題意列出一元一次方程，從而有利降低本節(jié)的難度。）
2：導入講授新課：
（1）：教具：
一塊小黑板，抄212例1題目及相對應的空表格。
左邊右邊
（2）：新課引述：
（3）：講述課文212例1：
（目的是：要求學生認真讀懂題目，尋找反映題目的全部含義的相等關系，必須根據(jù)題目關系，切勿盲目性）通過理解啟發(fā)學生尋找出以下關系：原來重量—運出重量=剩余重量（a）（在指導學生分析尋找題意相等關系時，可能存在學生分析問題思路不同，會找出如下關系：原來重量=運出重量+剩余重量,原來重量—剩余重量=運出重量的相等關系來，這主要由于學生思路不同，得出的關系表面不同，但思路是正確的，應加以鼓勵培養(yǎng)學生這種發(fā)散思維能力。）
指導學生設原來重量為x千克。這里分析等式左邊：原來重量為x千克，運出重量為15%x千克，把以上填入表格左邊。 字串7 分析等式右邊：剩余重量為42500千克，填入表格右邊。
（目的是：通過分析使學生易看出，先弄懂題意，找出相等關系，再按照相等關系來設未知數(shù)和列代數(shù)式，有利于降低列方程解應用題的難度）
把以上左邊和右邊的代數(shù)式分別代入（a）中，同時要求學生注意方程的左邊和右邊的單位要一致，就可以列出方程。
同時要求學生在解答過程中勿漏寫“答”和“設”，且都不要漏寫單位。
結合解題過程向學生介紹一元一次應用題解法的一般步驟：
課本215黑體字
3：課堂練習：
課文216練習1，2題
（目的是：讓學生通過適當?shù)哪７吕}的解題思想方法從而加深對本課的內(nèi)容的理解掌握。）
4：新課鞏固：
學生對本節(jié)內(nèi)容進行要小結：
列方程解應用題著重于分析，抓住尋找相等關系。解一元一次應用題的一般步驟及注意事項。
（目的：讓學生加深對應用題的解法的認識和該注意事項的重視。）
5：作業(yè)布置：
課文221習題4-4（1）a組1，2，3題
（目的：在于檢驗學生對本節(jié)內(nèi)容的理解和運用程度，以及實際接受情況，并促使學生進一步鞏固和掌握所學的內(nèi)容。）
五：板書設計：
4*4一元一次方程的應用：
例題：小黑板出示例1題目解：設原來有x千克面粉，那么運
相等關系：原來重量—運出重量=剩余重量出了15%x千克，依題意，得
等式左邊：等式右邊：x—15%x=42500
原來重量為x千克，剩余重量為42500千克。解這個方程：
運出重量為15%x千克。85/100*x=42500
解一元一次方程的一般步驟：x=50000（千克）
小黑板出示課文215黑體字內(nèi)容提要答：原來有50000千克面粉。
初一教案篇2
學習目標：
1．理解平行線的意義兩條直線的兩種位置關系；
2．理解并掌握平行公理及其推論的內(nèi)容；
3．會根據(jù)幾何語句畫圖，會用直尺和三角板畫平行線；
學習重點：
探索和掌握平行公理及其推論.
學習難點：
對平行線本質屬性的理解,用幾何語言描述圖形的性質
一、學習過程：預習提問
兩條直線相交有幾個交點？
平面內(nèi)兩條直線的位置關系除相交外，還有哪些呢？
（一）畫平行線
1、 工具：直尺、三角板
2、 方法：一"落"；二"靠"；三"移"；四"畫"。
3、請你根據(jù)此方法練習畫平行線：
已知:直線a,點b,點c.
(1)過點b畫直線a的平行線,能畫幾條?
(2)過點c畫直線a的平行線,它與過點b的平行線平行嗎?
（二）平行公理及推論
1、思考：上圖中，①過點b畫直線a的平行線，能畫 條；
②過點c畫直線a的平行線，能畫 條；
③你畫的直線有什么位置關系？ 。
②探索：如圖,p是直線ab外一點,cd與ef相交于p.若cd與ab平行,則ef與ab平行嗎?為什么?
二、自我檢測：
（一）選擇題:
1、下列推理正確的是 （ ）
a、因為a//d, b//c,所以c//d b、因為a//c, b//d,所以c//d
c、因為a//b, a//c,所以b//c d、因為a//b, d//c,所以a//c
2.在同一平面內(nèi)有三條直線,若其中有兩條且只有兩條直線平行,則它們交點的個數(shù)為( )
a.0個 b.1個 c.2個 d.3個
（二）填空題:
1、在同一平面內(nèi)，與已知直線l平行的直線有 條，而經(jīng)過l外一點，與已知直線l平行的直線有且只有 條。
2、在同一平面內(nèi)，直線l1與l2滿足下列條件，寫出其對應的.位置關系：
（1）l1與l2 沒有公共點，則 l1與l2 ；
（2）l1與l2有且只有一個公共點，則l1與l2 ；
（3）l1與l2有兩個公共點，則l1與l2 。
3、在同一平面內(nèi)，一個角的兩邊與另一個角的兩邊分別平行，那么這兩個角的大小關系是 。
4、平面內(nèi)有a 、b、c三條直線，則它們的交點個數(shù)可能是 個。
三、cd⊥ab于d，e是bc上一點，ef⊥ab于f，∠1=∠2.試說明∠bdg+∠b=180°.
初一教案篇3
language goal
in this unit, students learn to talk about jobs.
new language
what do you do? i'm a reporter
what does he do.' he's a student.
what do you want to be? i want to be an actor .
what does she want to be? she wants to be a police officer
names of jobs and professions
section a
brainstorm with students a list of jobs that friends or relatives do. ("brainstorming" is an activity in which you set a topic and students say whatever words they can think of relating to that topic.) write the word jobs on the board and list all the jobs students mention.
point to the jobs one by one and ask students to say what ever they can about these jobs. accept single word answers or simple sentences such as, it's fun. it's a good job.
la this activity introduces the key vocabulary.
focus attention on the art. ask students to tell what they see in each scene. ask students to name as many of the jobs shown as they can. then point to a scene, name the job, and ask students to repeat.
point to the numbered list of words. say each one and ask students to repeat.
then ask students to match each word wllfa one of the scenes. say, write the letter of each scene next to one of the ivords. point to the sample answer.
1 b this activity gives students practice in understanding the target language in spoken conversation.
point to the different people shown in the picture.ask various students to tell what they do as you point to each one,
say, now you will hear three conversations. the conversations are about three of the people in this picture.
play the recording the first time. students only listen.
play the recording a second time. this time ask students to write a number 1 next to the person being talked about in conversation 1. have students put a 2 and 3 next to the people being talked about in conversations 2 and 3.
correct the answers.
1 c this activity provides guided oral practice using the target language-
ask a student to read the example conversation with you. hold up the book and point to the doctor in the picture.
say, now work with your partner. make your own conversations about the picture. you can use sentences like the ones in activity 1b.
say a dialogue with a student. point to a picture of one of the people. guide the student to answer using one of the words in activity 1a.
as students work in pairs, move around the room monitoring their work. oner language or pronunciation support as needed.
2a this activity gives students practice in understanding the target language in spoken conversation.
ask students to look at the three pictures. ask different students to tell you what they sec in each picture. what are the people doing? what jobs do they have?
play the recording the first time. students only listen.say, you will hear conversations about the people in these pictures.
play the recording a second time. say, write the number of each conversation below the picture of the person being talked about.
correct the answers.
2b this activity gives students practice in understanding the target language in spoken conversation.
point to the three headings in the chart and read the headings to the class. ask students, what does "wants to be" mean? (it is not the job the person lias now. it is the job the person wants in the future.)
play the recording the first time. students only listen.say, you wiu hear about the people in these pictures. you will hear the job they haw now and the job they want in the future.
play the recording a second time. this time ask students to fill in the blanks with the jobs the people have now and the ones they want in the future. point out the sample
2c this activity provides guided oral practice using the target language.
point out the pictures in activity 2a. ask who each person is. (they are susan's brother. anna's mother, and tony's father.)
say, now work with your partner. ask and answer questions about the pictures. ask, "what does he or she do?" then ask, "what does he or she want to be?"
say a dialogue with a student. point to anna's mother and then to the example in the speech balloons. practice the dialogue with a student.
as students work in pairs, move around the room monitoring their work. offer language support as needed.
3a this activity introduces the names for the places where people work, and gives reading practice using the target language.
call attention to the pictures. ask students to read the name for each place. as they name each place, write the word on the board and-ask the class to repeat it.
point out the list of jobs with the numbers next to each. then call attention to the people in the pictures and the speech bubbles. point out the sample answer and have a student read out the speech bubble.
ask students to work alone. say, write the number of each job in the square next to each workplace.
check the answers.
3b this activity provides guided oral practice using the target language.
point out the pictures in activity 3a. ask students to name the workplace shown in each picture.
then point out the conversation in the speech bubbles. ask two students to read it to the class.
say, wow work with a partner. first practice the conversation in the picture. then make new conversations. use jobs and places from activity 3a.
say a dialogue with a student. point to the word waiter in activity 3a and then to the picture of the restaurant. ask a student. where does he work? guide the student to answer using the correct place: he works in a restaurant.then ask. what does he do? and guide the student to answer, he's a waiter.
as students work in pairs, move around the room monitoring their work. offer language support as needed.
4 this activity provides listening and speaking practice using the target language.
call attention to the pictures in the book showing how to play the game. say, you will draw a picture of someone working. other students will ask questions about the kind of job you are drawing. after two questions someone can try to guess the job.
demonstrate by drawing a picture on the board of a stick figure reporter. add details (microphone, notebook,etc.) until students guess what job it is.
ask a student to go to the board. say, draw a picture of a person working. if necessary, help the student add details that show the job the person is doing. he or she can add a bank interior to show that the person is a bank clerk. a student could also use an eye chart on the wall to show that the place is a doctor's office and the person is a doctor.
ask two different students to ask questions about the job, and then ask a third student to guess what job it is.
play the game using drawings by several different students.
alternative: if you do not want students to move from their seats, then you can ask them to do this activity sitting down in groups of four. they will need pieces of paper on which to draw their pictures. they will also need pencils.
section b
new language
words that describe jobs, such as exciting, dangerous,boring, difficult, busy, fun
additional materials to bring to class:
help wanted ads from an english-language newspaper
1 a this activity introduces the key vocabulary.
focus attention on the six pictures. ask, what job does the person have? where does the person ivnrk?
point out the numbered list of words. say each one and ask students to repeat. then use simple explanations and short sample sentences to help students understand what each word means. for example, exciting means very interesting and very fast-moving. a police officer has an exciting job. the job is always changing. something is always happening. for dangerous you might say, dangerous means not safe. you might be hurt or killed in a dangerous job.
then ask students to match each word with one of the pictures. say, write the letter of each picture next to one of the words. point out the sample answer.
check the answers.
1 b this activity provides guided oral practice using the target language.
call attention to the picture in this activity and ask a student to read the statement to the class. then point to the picture of the police officer and say. it's an exciting job. ask the class to repeat. then say, what else can you say about being a police officer? someone may answer, it's a dangerous job. ask the class to repeat each correct answer.
then ask students to work in pairs. suggest that they each point to the pictures of the workers and make statements about them. as students practice, move around the classroom monitoring their work.
1 c this activity provides an opportunity for oral practice.
say, name some of the jobs from this unit. write this list of jobs on the board. say, can you name some other jobs? add any new jobs to the list.
ask some students to make statements about jobs on the list using the words in activity la. you may wish to write some of the sentences on the board so that students can copy the sentences into their notebooks.
2a this activity provides listening and writing practice with the target language.
call attention to the two headings and ask a student to read die headings to the class.
point out the blank lines where students will write the name of a job (under the words wants to be).
play ihe recording the first time. students only listen.
say, now i will play the tape again. this time write the name of a job under the words "wants to be."
2b this activity provides listening and writing practice with the target language,
call attention to the second heading and ask a student to read it to the class. say, this time you will unite why each person wants the job.
play the recording again. students only listen.
then say, now i will play the tape again. this time write the reason the person wants the job under the word "why?"
play the recording. students write their answers.
check the answers.
2c this activity provides open-ended oral practice using the target language.
say, what do you want to be? what words describe each job? help the class make up a list of jobs they might like to do. as students suggest possible jobs, ask the class to suggest words to describe them. use a bilingual dictionary, if necessary, to find the names of jobs and words to describe each one.
then ask students to work in small groups. they tell each other what they want to do and why. encourage students to use dictionaries if necessary. move from group to group offering assistance as needed.
ask individual students to tell the class about what they want to be and why.
3a this activity provides reading and writing practice using the target language.
call attention to the three newspaper ads and read these ads to the class. say blank each time you come to a blank line.
then read each ad again separately, pausing to allow students to ask questions about anything they don't understand. for example, in the first ad, students may not know that working late means "working at night." to work hard means to use a lot of energy to do the job.
ask students to fill in (he blanks in the ads using the words actor, reporter, and waiter.
check the answers.
3b this activity provides reading and writing practice using the target language.
call attention to the newspaper ad and ask a student to read it, saying blank for each blank line.
ask students to fill in the blanks using words from this section. say,look at the pictures next to each blank line. the pictures will help you guess the correct word.suggest that they look at the names of jobs and the words that describe jobs in the first part of section b.
check the answers,
3c this activity provides writing practice using the target
language.
point out the blank strip of newspaper where students can write their own ads.
ask one or two students, what are you going to write about? repeat each of the students' sentences and ask the class to repeat the sentences after you. for example: do ^om want an interesting but dangerous job? do you want to meet new people? we need a police officer.call the smithtown police station at 555-2323.
ask students to read their ads to a partner. ask the pairs to correct each other's work.
4 this activity provides guided oral practice using the
target language.
ask two students to read the conversation in the speech bubbles. answer any questions students may have about it.
then say, new please work in groups. ask efuestions to find out what jobs each person wrote about. you can use sentences like the ones we just read.
as students ask questions, move from group to group. rephrase any incomplete or incorrect questions.also rephrase any inaccurate answers.
初一教案篇4
一、介紹
在此處向學生們簡要介紹這個webquest的有關情況。如果在此webquest中包括角色扮演或闖關游戲（如“你現(xiàn)在是一個鑒別神秘詩人的間諜”），則應在此處設置情境。也可以使用這部分做先期的組織或概述工作。
二、任務
清晰明了地描述學習者行為的最終結果將是什么。任務可以是：
·一系列必須解答的問題；
·對所創(chuàng)建事物進行總結；
·一系列需要解決的問題；
·闡明自己的立場并對此進行說明；
·一項具有創(chuàng)意的工作；
·任何需要學習者對自己所收集的信息進行加工和轉化的事情。
三、資源
利用這一部分指明學習者可以用于完成任務的網(wǎng)址。在每一個鏈接中嵌入對此資源的描述，以便學習者可能在點擊前知道自己將通過訪問該網(wǎng)址獲得什么。
四、過程描述
介紹學習者完成任務應遵循的步驟。這一部分是探究學習的關鍵所在。一定要使這些步驟簡明清晰。
（1）第一步
（2）第二步
（3）第三步
五、學習建議
在此處，你要為學生提供一些建議，以幫助他們組織所收集的信息。“建議”可以包括使用的流程圖、總結表、概念地圖或其他組織結構，“建議”也可以采用由復選框組成的問卷形式，問題旨在分析信息或提請對要考慮的事物的注意。
如果將“學習建議”部分嵌入到“過程描述”中，可能效果會更好。不過如果你提供了大量的建議，或者數(shù)據(jù)的收集和分析過程不是幾步就可以完成的事情，那么還是將這兩個部分分開的好。
六、評價
創(chuàng)建量規(guī)，向學生展示他們將如何被評價。另外，你可以創(chuàng)建一個自我評價表，這樣學生可以用它對自己的學習進行評價。
七、總結
用一兩句話概述學生通過完成此webquest將會獲得或學到什么。
初一教案篇5
一、教學目標
1、知識與技能
(1)通過本課的學習，使學生比較清楚的掌握宋元時期輝煌的科學技術成就的基本情況，由此進一步了解中華民族對世界文明的重大貢獻。
(2)初步培養(yǎng)學生進行歷史感知，歷史想象的形象思維能力以及學生全面系統(tǒng)的思考問題的初步能力和概括歸納的能力。
2、過程與方法師生互動，合作探究
3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀激發(fā)學生的愛國主義情感和民族自豪感;學習古代科學家勤于探索堅持不懈勇于創(chuàng)新的精神。
二、教材分析
本課主要介紹了宋元時期的科技成就，向學生展現(xiàn)了我國古代的重大科技發(fā)明和中華民族對人類文明的杰出貢獻。本課重點是活字印刷術的發(fā)明指南針和火藥的應用及向世界的傳播。難點是充分認識中國古代四大發(fā)明對世界歷史的影響。
三、教學準備
教著準備雕印好的“燦爛的宋元文化”幾個大字。學生準備橡皮泥橡皮檫小??
四、教學過程
(一)導入新課：
教師展示雕印的“燦爛的宋元文化”提問：這是怎么制出來的?(雕印)師：中國古代印刷術起源于印章和石刻，發(fā)展到隋唐時出現(xiàn)了什么技術?(雕版印刷術)雕版印刷術經(jīng)過五代，到了兩宋時期興旺發(fā)達。雕版印刷術出現(xiàn)以后，我國刊印了大量精美的書籍。唐朝印制的《金剛經(jīng)》是世界上最早標有確切日期的印刷品，那么同學們有沒有思考雕版印刷的欠缺與不便之處呢?教師舉例說明如：宋太祖時官方主持刻印《大藏經(jīng)》，耗時12年，雕版13萬塊，印完后堆積如山的雕版派不上用場。另外，當時一個刻工一天只能雕刻四五十個字，一本六萬字的書就需要三四年才能刻完。學生通過示例歸納出結論：費時費工浪費性大。師由此可見雕版印刷術需要改革創(chuàng)新了，于是到北宋時，有人發(fā)明了活字印刷術，這個人是誰?(北宋平民畢升)
(二)授新課
1.活字印刷術的發(fā)明師：觀察畢升畫像，閱讀小字部分，簡要歸納出活字印刷中的四道工序。(刻制單字排版印刷拆版)學生動手體驗，完成活動探究(1)師：同學們想一想，活字印刷與雕版印刷相比較有哪些優(yōu)點?在學生回答的基礎上教師指出：活字印刷突出兩個變，變死字為活字，變死版為活版，既經(jīng)濟又省時。由此可見，活字印刷把印刷術推進了一個新的階段，。元朝時王貞發(fā)明了木活字，才廣泛推廣和應用。但是，畢升的這一創(chuàng)舉比歐洲早400年。師：今天的印刷業(yè)又有什么新的發(fā)展呢?(激光照排電腦排版高速印刷機等)
2.指南針的應用師：同學們見過大海嗎?假如你是一名海員，駕駛一艘船在茫茫的大海上行駛，那么船上首先要具備什么?(指南針)師：說道指南針，這里有一個小故事：秦始皇統(tǒng)一六國后，在咸陽修建一座阿旁宮，大門用磁石做成，如有人暗藏兵器入宮行刺，就會被磁石吸住。這個故事告訴我們：古代勞動人民很早就掌握了磁學知識，早在戰(zhàn)國時，人們就制成了指示方向的儀器——司南。觀察漢朝的司南模型思考：司南由哪兩部分組成，是根據(jù)什么原理制成的?師：到了北宋，人們制成指南針。觀察宋朝的羅盤針模型思考：羅盤針比司南有哪些進步?它是用什么方法制成的?出示材料分析：舟師識地理，夜則觀星，晝則觀日，隱晦則觀指南針
——北宋朱《萍州可談》
渺茫無際，天水一色，舟舶來往，惟以指南針為則。晝夜守視惟謹，毫厘之差，生死系矣?！纤乌w汝適《諸蕃志》思考：從以上材料中分別獲得了什么信息?突出的變化是什么?師：在學生講解的基礎上講解，“沉石尋孤嶼，浮針辨四維”，南宋詩人朱繼芳的詩句更道出了那個時代人們由于小小的浮針而打開嶄新視野的豪情。指南針的應用使人類可以全天候航行，將“原始航海時代推至終年?！庇纱酥改厢樢脖皇廊俗u為“水上之友?！蹦纤螘r，經(jīng)阿拉伯人傳人歐洲，為后來歐洲航海家的環(huán)球航行創(chuàng)造了條件。
3.火藥的應用和傳播古代中國，不但有紛呈異彩的冷兵器，而且也最先跨入火器國家行列。師：火藥是怎樣發(fā)明的?它有哪些作用?師：中國是火藥的故鄉(xiāng)，火藥在唐朝末年用于軍事，宋元時期廣泛用于戰(zhàn)爭。指導學生觀察“突火槍”圖片，并說明其原理?；顒犹骄浚罕容^一下金元時期的火箭發(fā)射與今天的火箭發(fā)射原理是否相同?師：宋元時與科技成果相伴隨的還出現(xiàn)了許多科學家，書中提出的主要是哪兩位?其主要成就是什么?
(三)總結
元朝的統(tǒng)一經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及隋唐文化的基礎，使宋元科技水平發(fā)展到一個高峰階段，四大發(fā)明的應用及傳播，促進了人類文明史的發(fā)展，與天文歷法方面的成就，共同構建了宋元文化的繁榮。學完本課后，你最大的感受是什么?
